Edinburgh is a layered city. Medieval lanes sit next to Georgian squares, all wrapped around a rocky hill topped by the castle. Knowing the basic layout will help you decide where to stay and how much you can fit into a short break.
The Old Town stretches from Edinburgh Castle down the Royal Mile to Holyrood Palace. It is full of steep closes, historic buildings, independent cafés and visitor attractions. It is atmospheric and busy, especially in summer.
Streets can be crowded and uneven, so allow extra time for moving around and wear shoes that cope with cobbles and hills.
The New Town is more regular and spacious, with broad streets, Georgian terraces and many shops and offices. From Princes Street Gardens you can look up to the castle and Old Town skyline.
This area often suits visitors who like easier walking and slightly quieter evenings but still want to be central.
North of the centre, Leith is the historic port district. It now mixes waterside walks, local pubs and newer restaurants. It can be a good choice if you want a slower pace and do not mind a short tram or bus ride into the centre.
Summer brings festivals, long evenings and busy streets. Spring and autumn often provide a good balance of daylight, fewer crowds and slightly lower prices. Winter can be cold and windy but the city still works well for a short visit if you plan for indoor options.
For most first-time visitors, two or three full days is enough to explore the central area, climb one of the hills and visit a couple of museums at a relaxed pace.